Investigating the effectiveness of emotional regulation techniques along with drug therapy on reducing blood pressure, anxiety symptoms, depression and hostility in patients with hypertension compared to drug therapy alone
Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences,
Vol. 25 No. 1 (2020),
21 Shahrivar 2020
,
Page e4
Abstract
Objective: Blood pressure-related diseases are the most influenced by psychological factors. The present study was done with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotional regulation techniques along with drug therapy on blood pressure reduction, anxiety symptoms, depression and hostility in patients with hypertension compared to drug therapy alone.
Materials and Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test design, post-test design and control group. The population of this study was men and women between the age of 20 to 70 years with hypertension and resident in Tehran province in 2019. Among patients with hypertension referred to Ayatollah Taleghani Training Center Clinic, 30 persons were selected accessibly and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The intervention program of cognitive emotion regulation techniques training was done during 8 sessions in the experimental group. The instruments used in this research were Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression inventory (STAXI).
Results: Analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups after the intervention in the level of blood pressure, anxiety, depression and total anger expression index at p <0.05 level. Effect size was 0.39, 0.26, 0.21, and 0.21 in depression, anxiety, blood pressure, and total anger expression index, respectively.
Conclusion: Specialists in cardiovascular diseases and health psychology area can employ cognitive emotion regulation techniques to improve the physical and psychological problems of individuals with hypertension including blood pressure, anxiety, depression and anger
Keywords:
- Emotion cognitive regulation techniques; Anxiety; Depression; Blood pressure
How to Cite
vafaei , A., Masjedi Arani , A. ., Bakhtiary , M. ., Ghadiani , M. H. ., & Karimi , R. . (2020). Investigating the effectiveness of emotional regulation techniques along with drug therapy on reducing blood pressure, anxiety symptoms, depression and hostility in patients with hypertension compared to drug therapy alone . Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences, 25(1), e4. Retrieved from https://ojs2.sbmu.ac.ir/index.php/rbms/article/view/32428
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29. Rezvan, S., Bahrami, F., & Abedi, M. (2006). The effect of emotional regulation on happiness and mental rumination of students. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 12(3), 251-257.
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33. Spielberger, C. D. (1999). State-trait anger expression ınventory-2: professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
34. Xiao, J., Yao, S., Zhu, X., Abela, J. R., Chen, X., Duan, S., & Zhao, S. (2011). A prospective study of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms in patients with essential hypertension. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 33(1), 63-68.
35. Zhang, J., Lipp, O. V., & Hu, P. (2017). Individual differences in automatic emotion regulation interact with primed emotion regulation during an anger provocation. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 614.
36. Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta psychiatrica scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370.
2. BAHRAMINEZHAD, N., Hanifi, N., & MOUSAVINASAB, S. (2008). Comparing the effect of two family-and individual-based interventions on blood pressure and lifestyle.
3. Baiardini, I., Abbà, S., Ballauri, M.,Vuillermoz, G., &Braido, F. (2011). Alexithymia and chronic diseases: the state of the art. GiornaleItaliano di MedicinadelLavoroedErgonomia, 33(1), 47-52.
4. Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2010). Mentalization based treatment for borderline personality disorder. World psychiatry, 9(1), 11.
5. BAYAZI, M. H., AHADI, H., FATA, L., & DANESH, S. S. H. (2012). The effectiveness of a short cognitive behavioral group intervention on depression, anxiety and stress in patients with chronic coronary heart disease: a randomized controlled trail.
6. Callus, E., & Quadri, E. (2016). Clinical Psychology and Congenital Heart Disease. Springer Verlag.
7. Damirchi, A., & Mehrabani, J. (2009). Prevalence of obesity, overweight and hypertension and related-risk factors in adults men.
8. Davoodi, E., Wen, A., Dobson, K. S., Noorbala, A. A., Mohammadi, A., & Farahmand, Z. (2019). Emotion Regulation Strategies in Depression and Somatization Disorder. Psychological reports, 122(6), 2119-2136.
9. Eisenberg, N. (2014). Emotion-related regulation and its relation to quality of social functioning. In Child psychology in retrospect and prospect (pp. 133-171). Psychology Press.
10. Faramarzi nia E, Besharat MA. (2012). The relationship between anxiety and anger with chronic hypertension. Journal of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University. 20(4):136-41.
11. Gerin, W., Davidson,K. W.,Christenfeld,N. J. S. Goyal, T., & Schwartz, J. E. (2006). The role of angry rumination and distraction in blood pressure recovery from emotional arousal.Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine, 68(1), 64-72.
12. Grabe, H. J., Schwahn, C., Barnow,S., Spitzer, C., Johne, U., Freyberger, H. J.,Schminkef, U., Felix, S., &Völzke, H. (2010). Alexithymia, hypertension, and subclinical atherosclerosis in the general population.Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 68, 139˚147.
13. Gross, J. J., & Feldman Barrett, L. (2011). Emotion generation and emotion regulation: One or two depends on your point of view. Emotion review, 3(1), 8-16.
14. Guidi, J., Rafanelli, C., Roncuzzi, R., Sirri, L., & Fava, G. A. (2013). Assessing psychological factors affecting medical conditions: comparison between different proposals. General hospital psychiatry, 35(2), 141-146.
15. Isazadegan A, Amani Sari Beglo J, Mamodi H, Ahmadian L. (2013). The structural pattern of relationships between morphological character D, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and coronary heart disease. Journal of Psychology. 17(3):310-29.
16. Jones, E. J., Lam, P. H., Hoffer, L. C., Chen, E., & Schreier, H. M. (2018). Chronic Family Stress and Adolescent Health: The Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation. Psychosomatic medicine, 80(8), 764-773.
17. Kaviani, H., Seyfourian, H., Sharifi, V., & Ebrahimkhani, N. (2009). Reliability and validity of anxiety and depression hospital scales (HADS): Iranian patients with anxiety and depression disorders. Tehran University Medical Journal, 67(5), 379-385.
18. Kearney, P. M., Whelton, M., Reynolds, K., Muntner, P., Whelton, P. K., & He, J. (2005). Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. The lancet, 365(9455), 217-223.
19. Kinner, V. L., Het, S., & Wolf, O. T. (2014). Emotion regulation: exploring the impact of stress and sex. Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 8, 397.
20. Luong, G., & Charles, S. T. (2014). Age differences in affective and cardiovascular responses to a negative social interaction: The role of goals, appraisals, and emotion regulation. Developmental Psychology, 50(7), 1919.
21. Maria, O., & Chuwuemeka, O. (2015).The contribution of alexithymia, body mass index, age and gender to essential hypertension in South East Nigeria. International Journal of English Language, Literature and Humanities, 2, 538-557.
22. Narimani, M., Ariapooran, S., Abolghasemi, A., & Ahadi, B. (2012). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction and emotion regulation training in the affect and mood of chemical weapons victims.
23. Navidi, A., & Borjali, A. (2008). Effects of an anger management training on anger self-regulation skills among high school boys.
24. Orejuela-Dávila, A. I., Levens, S. M., Sagui-Henson, S. J., Tedeschi, R. G., & Sheppes, G. (2019). The relation between emotion regulation choice and posttraumatic growth. Cognition and Emotion, 1-9.
25. Organization WH. mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. WHO; 2009. Global health risks www who int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GlobalHealthRisks_report_full pdf.
26. Perry, A. G., Potter, P. A., & Ostendorf, W. (2013). Clinical nursing skills and techniques. Elsevier Health Sciences.
27. Pervichko, E., Zinchenko, Y., & Ostroumova, O. (2014). Emotion regulation in patients with essential hypertension: subjective-evaluative, physiological, and behavioral aspects. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127, 686-690.
28. Plaisier, I., de Bruijn, J. G., de Graaf, R., ten Have, M., Beekman, A. T., & Penninx, B. W. (2007). The contribution of working conditions and social support to the onset of depressive and anxiety disorders among male and female employees. Social science & medicine, 64(2), 401-410.
29. Rezvan, S., Bahrami, F., & Abedi, M. (2006). The effect of emotional regulation on happiness and mental rumination of students. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 12(3), 251-257.
30. Roy, B., Riley, C., & Sinha, R. (2018). Emotion regulation moderates the association between chronic stress and cardiovascular disease risk in humans: a cross-sectional study. Stress, 21(6), 548-555.
31. Sanz, J., García-Vera, M. P., Espinosa, R., Fortún, M., Magán, I., & Segura, J. (2010). Psychological factors associated with poor hypertension control: differences in personality and stress between patients with controlled and uncontrolled hypertension. Psychological reports, 107(3), 923-938.
32. Sikka, N., Shu, L., Ritchie, B., Amdur, R. L., & Pourmand, A. (2019). Virtual Reality-Assisted Pain, Anxiety, and Anger Management in the Emergency Department. Telemedicine and e-Health.
33. Spielberger, C. D. (1999). State-trait anger expression ınventory-2: professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
34. Xiao, J., Yao, S., Zhu, X., Abela, J. R., Chen, X., Duan, S., & Zhao, S. (2011). A prospective study of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms in patients with essential hypertension. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 33(1), 63-68.
35. Zhang, J., Lipp, O. V., & Hu, P. (2017). Individual differences in automatic emotion regulation interact with primed emotion regulation during an anger provocation. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 614.
36. Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta psychiatrica scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370.
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