SOREN Student Sports & Health Open Researches e-Journal: New-Approaches

Background and aim: Melatonin is an immune modulator that displays both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to review the effect of melatonin supplementation on muscle injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress in intense exercise. The aim of this study was to review the effect of melatonin supplementation on muscle injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress in intense exercise.

Methods: In this study, articles were searched in specialized databases, and all available resources were provided using appropriate keywords.

Results: Studies have shown that exercise leads to oxidative stress and inflammation, which is directly related to the intensity of activity; Moderate-intensity exercise stimulates adaptive reactions, but strenuous exercise, which significantly increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, may cause harm to athletes. The results showed that melatonin supplementation in athletes increased growth hormone, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant status (TAS), and decreased levels of cytokines TNFα and IL-6.

Conclusion: The present study showed that melatonin oral supplementation in high-intensity exercise is effective in reducing oxidative stress (reducing fat peroxidation, with a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes) that leads to cell preservation and tissue damage and also accelerates recovery. This information also shows that melatonin has strong protective effects, prevents the occurrence of excessive inflammatory mediators, and prevents the effects of multiple inflammatory cytokines.

Background and aim: Considering the importance of developing complementary programs for students' academic achievement, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of music and different exercise methods (aerobic, resistance, flexibility, and combination) on the accuracy, depression, anxiety, stress, and the academic performance of female high school students before starting the lesson.

Methods: In this study, 100 female high school students participated in pre- and post-test using cluster sampling method in six classrooms, while implementing training programs in research groups. The instruments used in this study were the Toulouse-Pieron attention test and the DOSS-21 test to measure students' anxiety, stress, and depression. Academic achievement was also calculated using students' academic grades.

Results: The results of this study showed that the interventions presented in this study had a significant effect on the scoring of the Toulouse-Pieron attention test (P=0.001) and DOSS-21 (P=0.026). Music alone could not have a significant effect on accuracy, stress, depression, and anxiety (P>0.05), but music with different exercises had a significant effect on these variables (P<0.05). The results of this study also showed that the implementation of these exercises could significantly improve the academic performance of these students (P=0.003).

Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the importance of dynamic educational environments and providing creative exercises and the effectiveness of using music and physical activity as a complementary solution to improve the psychological, cognitive, and academic performance of students.

Background and aim: Short-term exercise for patients with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) can enhance the benefits of cardiorespiratory function, muscle strength, cardiac function, ventilation efficiency, hemodynamic function, and quality of life. According to the mentioned cases, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a selected training program on FGF21 and FGFR-1 levels in CABG patients.

Methods: The research method was semi-experimental and the statistical population was heart patients after CABG surgery in Babol hospitals. For this purpose, 16 patients were selected by the available sampling method and divided into two groups of specialized and control exercises. Subjects in the experimental group participated in these sessions for 8 weeks and three sessions per week. The expression levels of the FGF21 and FGFR-1 were measured using the ELISA kit. The covariance and the dependent t-test analysis were used to determine the difference between groups and intragroup.

Results: The results showed that 8 weeks of the selected training program had a significant increase in the FGF21 level in CABG patients in the pre-test stage compared to the post-test stage (p<0.05), as well as in the FGF21 and FGFR1 levels in the training group compared to the control group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: It is possible that physical activity can increase FGF21 levels, which have an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant role.

Background and aim: Many lifestyle behaviors, such as physical activity, diet, and social interactions are associated with physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of selected lifestyle behaviors in the psychological well-being of children during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included male and female elementary school students (grades 4-6) in public schools in the eastern cities of Mazandaran province in 2020, of which 530 students were selected by random cluster sampling. Data collection tools included questionnaires of psychological well-being in children, socio-economic status, fruit and vegetable consumption, screen time, and physical activity of children. Regarding to the abnormal distribution of data, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression tests were used to analyze the data.

Results: The results showed that the level of psychological well-being of females was higher than males (P<0.05). Based on socio-economic status, individuals in the weak and low groups had significant differences in research variables compared to the moderate to high groups (P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that consumption of fruits and vegetables and physical activity have a positive effect on psychological well-being with effect coefficients of 0.335 and 0.200, respectively, while the screen time showed a negative effect on psychological well-being (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Lifestyle behaviors play an important role in children's mental health, so they can be considered in the design of health promotion interventions.

Background and aim: A sedentary lifestyle increases oxidative stress and can lead to various diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of six weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on serum hydrogen peroxide and uric acid levels in untrained young women.

Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental study in which 20 qualified individuals were selected from the volunteers and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (10 individuals in each group). The experimental group participated in six weeks of aerobic exercise (three sessions per week). Serum levels of hydrogen peroxide and uric acid (fasting) were measured by kit and Autoanalyzer device in both groups in the pre-test and post-test stages. The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to examine the normal distribution of data and paired t-test and independent t-test for intra-group and inter-group changes

Results: Six weeks of regular exercise in sedentary girls led to a significant reduction in hydrogen peroxide (P=0.001). The uric acid levels did not change significantly (P=0.856). Also in the control group, there was no significant change in the level of uric acid (P=0.95) and hydrogen peroxide (P=081). In addition, in the post-test phase, the experimental group had less hydrogen peroxide compared to the control group (P=0.031). There was no significant difference in uric acid (P=0.51).

Conclusion: Six weeks of aerobic exercise leads to a decrease in oxidative stress in trained girls.

Background and aim: Sports and physical readiness and their impact on jobs and job performance are among the topics that have occupied a significant part of the expert's attention. The research has been done in a private company to study the effect of exercise and physical readiness on job performance in an engineering community.

Methods: The population of the study included all employees of Salmanian Fars Company, from which 50 individuals were selected. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=25) and control (n=25). The first group did the exercises in a two-month scheduled program, and the second didn't do these exercises. At the beginning and end of the program, Paterson's job performance questionnaire was filled out by both groups. Data were analyzed using t-test and SPSS 16 software.

Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean of job performance in the pre-test and post-test of the control group (P=0.11), while there was a significant difference between the mean job performance in the pre-test and post-test groups of the training group (P=0.001). There was a significant difference in the increase in job performance between the exercise and control groups (P=0.001).

Conclusion: Overall, the results indicate positive effects of physical readiness and exercise on job performance in the workplace.

Background and aim: Today, creatine supplementation is used as a very widely used energy source to improve athletic performance.  The aim of the present study was to investigate the short-term effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation on sprint exercise performance (100m and 6×60 m) and urinary creatine exertion in amateur futsal players.

Methods: Twenty-two futsal players (male students) were selected from the available samples and randomly assigned to creatine and placebo groups. The creatine group intakes 20 gr creatine monohydrate daily (5 gr in four times), while the placebo group intakes 20 gr dextrose daily (5 gr in four times) simultaneously. Before and after the 7-day period, urine samples and sprint performance (100 m and 6×60 m) were recorded. Dependent and independent t-test were used for data analysis (P≤0.05).

Results: In the creatine group, creatine supplementation in the 100 m material significantly reduced the subjects' record (P=0.01). In the experimental group, the rate of urinary creatine excretion in the post-test was significantly higher than in the pre-test (P=0.001), while in the placebo group there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Also, the amount of post-test urinary creatine in the creatine group was significantly higher than the placebo group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Creatine supplementation seems to improve sprint performance. However, the effect of creatine on speed performance is still unclear and accurate scientific commentary in this field needs further research.